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Ɉɬ ɧɭɛɚ ɞɨ ɜɢɪɬɭɨɡɚ: ɰɢɚɧɨɬɢɩɢɹ 3.0
ɑȺɋɌɖ I. ɋɂɇəə ɋɈȻȺɄȺ ɇȺ ɄɊȺɘ ɋȼȿɌȺ
34
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɭ
ɮɨɬɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɮɟɪɪɨɰɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ (FCA),
ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɝɟɪɲɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ, —
ɨɬ ɩɨɝɥɨ-
ɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɜɚɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɹ-
ɦɨɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
9
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ
FОɈɇ
2+
ɩɪɢ ɮɨɬɨɥɢɡɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ FО
3+
.
ȼ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
ɞɜɭɯɡɚɪɹɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥ ɬɭɬ ɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɦ:
[equation 2]
FeOH
2+
+ H
+
+ e
-
→ FО
2+
+ H
2
0
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ
ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɜɟɬɚ
,
ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɩɚɜɲɟɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ Ƚɟɪɲɟɥɸ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɇɶɟɩɫɚ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɬɭɬɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦ ɛɭ-
ɦɚɠɧɨɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟ. Ⱦɜɭɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢɨɧ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɭɱёɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɥ ɫɨɥɶɸ Ƚɦɟɥɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɢɱɟɦ ɢɧɵɦ, ɤɚɤ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ
ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɟ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɜɚɥ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɤɫɚɰɢɚɧɨɮɟɪɪɚɬɵ ɤɚɥɢɹ
-
ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (II),
ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɥɹɦɢ FО
2+
.
ɇɟɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɩɨɡɠɟ Ƚɟɪɲɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɥ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ, ɪɟɲɢɜ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɍɚɤ, ɭɱёɧɵɣ
ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ, ɚ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧ-
ɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ.
Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɰɢɚɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɨɱɢɸ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɜɟɞёɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɥɶ Ƚɦɟɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɚ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹ-
ɦɨ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ. ȼɫё
,
ɱɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɭ, ɷɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɳɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɬɶ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɭɞɚɥɢɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɪɟɚ-
ɝɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɫɨɥɢ. ɇɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɫɟɯ, ɧɨ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɹ
—
ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɰɟɳɢɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ
ɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ.
9
Nadtochenko V., Kiwi J. Photolysis of FeOH
2+
and FeCl
2+
in aqueous solution. Photodissociation
kinetics and quantum yields // Inorg. Chem., 1998, V. 37,
№ 20.