40 / 56
Ɉɬ ɧɭɛɚ ɞɨ ɜɢɪɬɭɨɡɚ: ɰɢɚɧɨɬɢɩɢɹ 3.0
ɑȺɋɌɖ I. ɋɂɇəə ɋɈȻȺɄȺ ɇȺ ɄɊȺɘ ɋȼȿɌȺ
38
ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱёɬɚɦ
10
ɞɥɹ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 10 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɟɣ (ЩЩЦ). ɗɬɨɬ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɩɨ-
ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ (ɞɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ) Ƚɟɪɲɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɥ ɜɜɟ-
ɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɚ
ɫɟɧɫɢɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦɭ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
[equation 2],
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ
FCA ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɳɢɦ
ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ.
Ƚɟɪɲɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ, ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɭɸ, ɮɨɪɦɭ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱёɧɵɣ, ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ, ɨɬɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɪɇ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɫ-
ɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɥɢ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɭɸ. Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɡɟɥёɧɵɣ ɮɟɪɪɨ-
ɰɢɬɪɚɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɥ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɪɚɡ
ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɨɦ. ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ,
ɫɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɞɨɝɚɞɵɜɚɥɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ
ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɢɫɥɚɹ
ɫɨɥɶ FCA ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 1897 ɝɨɞɭ ɗɞɭɚɪɞɨɦ ȼɚɥɟɧɬɨɣ. Ɉɧ ɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ.
[table 1]
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ
ɡɟɥёɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɰɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (
III)-
ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ
(ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɗ. ȼɚɥɟɧɬɵ)
FCA/Green
Fe
14
–
18%
FCA/Brown
Fe
19
–
28%
Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɰɢɬɪɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III)
-
ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ —
ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ
4FeC
6
H
5
O
7
·
2(NH
4
)
3
C
6
H
5
O
7
·
3Fe(OH)
3
. ɇɟɜɟɪɧɚ ɷɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɨɬɨ-
ɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɰɢɬɪɚɬ
-
ɢɨɧɵ, ɢɨɧɵ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ «ɝɭɥɹɸɬ» ɩɨ ɮɨɪ-
ɦɭɥɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ,
ɤɚɤ ɢ ɬɭɪɧɛɭɥɟɜɚ ɫɢɧɶ, ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ, ɷɬɚɤɢɦ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɦ, ɛɟɡ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɛɟɡ ɱёɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɪ-
10
Ⱥɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ISO
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
4
/
5
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ
ɥɸɤɫ
-
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɞɜɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɡɭ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵ-
ɞɟɪɠɤɟ 1 ɫɟɤ ɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ 8·10
4
ɥɸɤɫ.