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Ɉɬ ɧɭɛɚ ɞɨ ɜɢɪɬɭɨɡɚ: ɰɢɚɧɨɬɢɩɢɹ 3.0
ɑȺɋɌɖ I. ɋɂɇəə ɋɈȻȺɄȺ ɇȺ ɄɊȺɘ ɋȼȿɌȺ
39
ɦɭɥɵ, ɛɟɡ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɵɯɚ
ɜɨɹɠɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɨɛɟɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ ɟɦɭ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɟɡɞɟ, ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɗɬɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɧɚ: РЫООЧ
(ɡɟɥёɧɚɹ) ɢ ЛЫШаЧ (ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ). Ɂɟɥёɧɵɣ ɮɟɪɪɨɰɢɬɪɚɬ, ɫ ɩɨ-
ɩɪɚɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ
ɤɨɪɹɜɨɫɬɶ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɛɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ
ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ: ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨ-
ɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɛɪɭɬɬɨ
-
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
5FeC
6
H
5
O
7
·
2(NH4)
3
C
6
H
5
O
7
·
(NH
4
)C
6
H
7
O
7
·
2H
2
O.
Ɂɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɇ
ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɢɨɧ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ FО
3+
ɡɚɤɢɫɥёɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɨɬ-
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥёɧɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ. «ȼɢɥɤɚ»
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɭɸ ɨɛ-
ɥɚɫɬɶ (UVȺ, UVȼ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ-
ɰɵ ɥɭɱɚ (475 ɧɦ)
11
. ɑɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɥёɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ-
ɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ .001 ISO. Ʉɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚ ɢ ɫɟɧɫɢɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (UVB, UVC).
ɋ ɭɱёɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ Ɏɨɦɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ FCA ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɰɢɚɧɨɬɢɩɢɢ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ «ɡɟɥёɧɨɣ» ɫɨɥɶɸ:
30% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ 12% ɪɚɫ-
ɬɜɨɪ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:1.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ «ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ» ɫɨɥɶɸ:
25% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ 20% ɪɚɫ-
ɬɜɨɪ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:1.
ɗɬɢ ɫɨɥɢ, ɩɢɲɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɟɬɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ɂɟɥёɧɚɹ
ɫɨɥɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɢɚɧɨ-
ɬɢɩɢɢ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ
ɫɨɥɢ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɟё ɫɜɟɬɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɥё-
ɧɨɣ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚ-
ɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ 25%
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɦɦɢɚɱ-
ɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ 20%
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɄɄɋ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
1:1, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ 20/B25. ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɟ-
ɰɟɩɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɫɢɧɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɞɜɨɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ 10/G25. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ
11
Ɏɨɦɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ. — Ɇ
.,
Ʌёɝɤɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ, 1975.